Viruses are small intracellular parasites that invade the cells of
virtually all known organisms. They reproduce by utilizing the cell's
machinery to replicate viral proteins and genomic material, generally
damaging or killing the host cell in the process; subsequentelly, a
large number of newly generated viruses go on to infect other
cells. Viruses are responsible for a wide variety of human diseases,
ranging from the common (influenza and colds) to the exotic (AIDS,
West Nile virus and Zika). Some viruses which are not dangerous to
humans can also be exploited in technological applications, in
addition, viruses find use in genetic engineering applications and
increasingly in the design of new nanomaterials. At the very least,
all viruses contain two components: the capsid (a protein shell), and
a genome, consisting of either DNA or RNA. Some viruses also include
accessory proteins to aid in infection, and in some cases a lipid
bilayer to further protect their contents from the environment. The
viral life cycle itself is deceivingly simple: viruses enter the cell,
typically (but not always) through the interaction of their capsid
with a receptor on the cell surface; the virus must then somehow
disassemble its capsid to release its genetic material and any
necessary helper proteins. The viral genome is then replicated and the
proteins it codes for are synthesized to produce the raw material for
the production of new viral particles; these new viruses then assemble
and bud from the cell either through the membrane or upon cell
death.
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Cyclophilin A stabilizes HIV-1 capsid through a novel non-canonical binding site.
Chuang Liu, Juan R. Perilla, Jiying Ning, Manman Lu, Guangjin Hou, Ruben Ramalho, Gregory Bedwell, In-Ja Byeon, Jinwoo Ahn, Jiong Shi, Angela Gronenborn, Peter Prevelige, Itay Rousso, Christopher Aiken, Tatyana Polenova, Klaus Schulten, and Peijun Zhang. Nature Communications, 7:10714, 2016.
Dynamic allostery governs cyclophylin A-HIV capsid interplay.
Manman Lu, Guangjin Hou, Huilan Zhang, Christopher L. Suiter, Jinwoo Ahn, In-Ja L. Byeon, Juan R. Perilla, Christopher J. Langmead, Ivan Hung, Peter L. Gor'kov, Zhehong Gan, William Brey, Christopher Aiken, Peijun Zhang, Klaus Schulten, Angela M. Gronenborn, and Tatyana Polenova. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 112:14617-14622, 2015.
